Ecological pattern of lichen species abundance in mixed forests of Eastern Romania
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2016.466Keywords:
Fraxinus, macrohabitat drivers, microhabitat particularities, Quercus, forest conservationAbstract
The importance of this study consists in the knowledge of the ecological attributes characteristic to mixed forestry habitats and how they affect the structure of the lichen species abundances. The field activities were performed within five forest habitat types from Moldavia Province, characterised mainly by oak mixed forests, riparian mixed forests and mixed beech forests. The habitat variables, tree variables and the lichen species abundances were analysed to get informations on the structural disimilarities, on the one hand, and relationships on the other hand. Within this study no significant disimilarities were found out from abundance lichen species point of view. The lichen species abundances are a result of interactions between components of their microhabitat and macrohabitat. The correlation analysis pointed out the preferences of lichen species to their host trees, especially Quercus and Fraxinus, altitude and tree level variables as are aspect and mosses coverage. The regression analysis has highlighted that the changes in lichen species abundances are caused by macrohabitat level predictors such as host trees represented by Fraxinus. This study demonstrates that, structure of lichen species is influenced by attributes of mixed forest habitats; therefore maintaining the diversity of tree species and ensuring the continuous occurrence of forestry land is necessary for lichen and their habitat conservation.References
Agency of Environment Protection Iași, 2008. Ariile naturale protejate din județele Botoșani, Iași, Vaslui, Galați, Management bilateral România - Republica Moldova pentru conservarea biodiversităţii în zona de graniţă dintre cele 2 ţări. [Natural protected areas from Botoșani, Iași, Vaslui, Galați counties, Mutual management Romania-Republic Moldova for biodiversity conservation on the border between the two countries]. Web: http://biodiversitatecbc-apmis.ro/new/down/Buletin_ informativ_2.pdf. Accessed: 09.06.2016. Aragón G., Martínez I., Izquierdo P., Belinchón R., Escudero A., 2010. Effects of forest management on epiphytic lichen diversity in Mediterranean forests. Applied Vegetation Science 13: 183-194. DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2009.01060.x.Ardelean I.V., Keller C., Cristea V., Scheidegger C., 2013. Lichen species diversity of Pinus mugo scrubs compared to adjacent habitat types in the Rodnei Mts. National Park (Romania). Contribuții Botanice 48: 59-68. Ardelean I.V., Keller C., Scheidegger C., 2015. Effect on management on lichen species richness, ecological traits and community structure in the Rodnei Mountains Natinal Park (Romania). PloS ONE 10(12): e0145808. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145808. Bălteanu D., Badea L., Buza M., Niculescu G., Popescu C., Dumitrașcu M., 2006. Romania space, society, environment. The Publishing House of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, 384 p.Bollinger, J., Bergamini A., Stofer S., Kienast F., Scheidegger C., 2007. Predicting the potential spatial distributions of epiphytic lichen species at the landscape scale. Lichenologist 39(3): 279-291. DOI:10.1017/S0024282907006652.Ciurchea M., 2004. Determinatorul lichenilor din România [The lichen flora of Romania]. Editura Bit, Iași, 488 p.Ciocârlan V., 2009. Flora ilustrată a României [Illustrated flora of Romania]. Pteridophyta et Spermatophyta. Editura Ceres, Bucharest, 1141 p.Debinski D.M., 2006. Forest fragmentation and matrix effects: the matrix does matter. Journal of Biogeography 33: 1791-1792.Doniță N., Ivan D., Coldea G., Sanda V., Popescu A., Chifu T., Paucă-Comănescu M., Mititelu D., Boșcaiu N., 1992. Vegetația României [Vegetation of Romania]. Editura Tehnică Agri¬colă, Bucharest, 407 p. Doniță N., Popescu A., Paucă-Comănescu M., Mihăilescu S., Biriș I.V., 2005. Habitatele din România [The Romania’s habitats]. Editura Tehnică Silvică, Bucharest, 442 p.Driscol D.A., Banks S.C., Barton S.P., Lindenmayer D.B., Smith A.L., 2013. Conceptual domain of the matrix in fragmented landscapes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 28(10): 605-613. DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2013.06.010Dytham C., 2011. Choosing and using statistics, A biologist’s guide, 3th Edition, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing House, Oxford, 316 p.Ekman S., Aquirre-Hudson B., Arup U., Fritz Ö., Svensson M., 2013. Rhaphidicyrtis trichosporella new to Sweden. Graphis scripta 25: 6-11.Estrabou C., Filippini E., Soria J.P., Schelotto G., Rodríguez J. M., 2011. Air Quality monitoring system using lichens as bioindicators in Central Argentina. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 182(1): 375–383.Estrabou C., Quiroga C., Rodríguez J. M., 2014. Lichen community diversity on a remnant forest in south of Chaco region (Cordoba, Argentina). Bosque 35(1): 49–55. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-1882-4Franklin J.F., Spies T.A., Van Pelt R., Carey A.B., Thornburgh D.A., Berg D.R., Lindenmayer D.B., Harmon M.E., Keeton W.S, Shaw D.C., Bible K., Chen J., 2002. Disturbances and structural development of natural forest ecosystems with silvicultural implications, using Douglas-fir forests as an example. Forest of Ecology and Management 155(1-3): 399-423. DOI:10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00575-8.Fritz O., Brunet J., 2010. Epiphytic bryophytes and lichens in Swedish beech forests-effects of forest history and habitat quality. Ecological Bulletins 153: 95-107.Giordani P., 2006. Variables influencing the distribution of epiphytic lichens in heterogeneous areas: A case study for Liguria, NW Italy. Journal of Vegetation Science 17: 195-206. Giordani P., Incerti G., 2008. The influence of climate on the distribution of lichens: a case study in a borderline area (Liguria, NW Italy). Plant Ecology 195: 257-272. DOI: 10.1007/s11258-007-9324-7.Hammer Ø., Harper D.A.T., Ryan P.D., 2001. PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Version 2.13. Paleo Electronica 4: 1-9.Hauck M., 2011. Site factor controlling epiphytic lichen abundance in northern coniferous forests. Flora 206: 81-90. DOI:10.1016/j.flora.2010.02.001.Hilbert J., Wiensczyk A., 2007. Old-growth definitions and management: A literature review. BC Journal of Ecosystems and Management 8(1): 15-31.Hurlbert S.H., 1971. The nonconcept of species diversity: a critique and alternative parameters. Ecology 52(4): 577-586. DOI: 10.2307/1934145Ielenicz M., Pătru I., 2005. Geografia fizică a României [Physical geography of Romania]. Vol 1. Editura Universitară, Bucharest, 255 p.International Mycological Association, Mycobank Database 2004. Web: www.mycobank.org. Accessed: 09.2015.Jongman R.H.G., Ter Braak C.J.F., Van Tongeren O.F.R., 1995. Data analysis in community and landscape ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 299 p. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511525575Jüriado I., Paal J., Liira J., 2003. Epiphytic and epixylic lichen species diversity in Estonian natural forests. Biodiversity and Conservation 12: 1587-1607. DOI: 10.1023/A:1023645730446Jüriado I., Liira J., Paal J., 2009. Diversity of epiphytic lichens in boreo-nemoral forests on the North-Estonian limestone escarpment: the effect of tree level factors and local environmental conditions. Lichenologist 41(1): 81-96. DOI: 10.1017/S0024282909007889Kubiak D., 2013. The significance of old-growth forests in maintaining lichen diversity-an example from the remnants of the Mazovian Forest. Forest Research Papers 74(3): 245–255. DOI: 10.2478/frp-2013-0024.Laundon J.R., 1963. The taxonomy of sterile crustaceous lichens in the British Isles. Lichenologist 2(1): 101-151. DOI: 10.1017/S002428296300013XLegendre P., Legendre L., 2012. Numerical Ecology. Third Edition. Elsevier, 990 p.Leppik E., Jüriado I., 2008. Factors important for epiphytic lichen communities in wooded meadows of Estonia. Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 44: 75-87. DOI: 10.1017/S002428291100003XLeppik E., Jüriado I., Liira J., 2011. Changes in stand structure due to the cessation of traditional land use in wooded meadows impoverish epiphytic lichen communities. Lichenologist 43(3): 257-274. DOI:10.1017/S002428291100003X.Lepš J., Šmilauer P., 2003. Multivariate analysis of ecological data using CANOCOTM. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 269 p. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511615146Lindenmayer D.B., Margules C.R., Botkin D.B., 2000. Indicators of biodiversity for ecologically sustainable forest management. Conservation Biology 14(4): 941-950. DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98533.x.Lindenmayer D.B., Franklin J.F., 2002. Conserving forest biodiversity: a comprehensive multiscaled approach. Island Press, Washington, 351 p. DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98533.xLudwig A.I., Reynolds J.F., 1988. Statistical ecology. A primer on methods and computing. John Wiley & Sons Publishing House, New York, 337 p.Mežaka A., Brūmelis G., Piterāns A., 2008. The distribution of epiphytic bryophyte and lichen species in relation to phorophyte characters in Latvian natural old-growth broad leaved forests. Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 44: 89-99.McCune B., Grace J.B., Urban D.L., 2002. Analysis of ecological communities. MjM Software Design, Oregon, 304 p.McMullin R.T., Maloles J.R., Earley C., Newmaster S.G., 2014. The arboretum at the University of Guelph, Ontario: an urban refuge for lichen biodiversity. North American Fungi 9(5): 1-16. DOI: 10.2509/naf2014.009.005.Ministry of Environment, Water and Forests, National Agency for Environmental Protection 2016. Legislație [Legislation]. Web: http://www.anpm.ro/legislatie. Accessed: 09.06.2016.Ministry of Environment, Water and Forests, Agency of Environmental Protection Suceava 2016. Domenii. Sinteze și Rapoarte [Domains. Synthesis and Reports]. Web: http://www.anpm.ro/web/apm-suceava/rapoarte-an¬uale. Accessed: 09.06.2016.Mistry J., Berardi A., 2005. Effects of phorophyte determinants on lichen abundance in the cerrado of central Brazil. Plant Ecology 178: 61-76. DOI 10.1007/s11258-004-2493-8.Moe B., Botnen A., 1997. A quantitative study of the epiphytic vegetation on pollarded trunks of Fraxinus excelsior at Havrå, Osterøy, western Norway. Plant Ecology 129: 157-177. DOI: 10.1023/A:1009720132726Moe B., Botnen A., 2000. Epiphytic vegetation on pollarsded trunks of Fraxinus excelsior in four different habitats at Grinde, Leikanger, western Norway. Plant Ecology 151: 143-159. DOI: 10.1023/A:1026585911823Mohan G., Ardelean A., 2006. Parcuri și rezervații naturale din România [Parks and nature reserves of Romania]. Editura Victor B Victor, București, 164 p.Morley S.E., Gibson M., 2010. Successional changes in epiphytic rainforest lichens: implications for the management of rainforest communities. Lichenologist 42(3): 311-321. DOI: 10.1017/S0024282909990570.Moruzi C., Toma N., 1971. Lichenii. Determinator de plante inferioare [Lichens. Determinator of lower plants]. Editura Didactică și Pedagogică, București, 221 p.Nascimbene J., Marini L., Ódor P., 2012. Drivers of lichen species richness at multiple spatial scales in temperate forests. Plant Ecology & Diversity 5(3): 355-363. DOI:10.1080/17550874.2012.735715.Prigodina-Lukošienė I., Naujalis J.R., 2006. Principal relationship among epiphytic communities on common oak (Quercus robur L.) trunks in Lithuania. Ekologija 2: 21-25.Purvis O.W., Coppins B.J., Hacksworth D.L., James P.W., Moore D.M., 1994. The lichen flora of Great Britain and Ireland. Natural History Museum Publications in association with The British Lichen Society, London, 710 p.Saipunkaew W., Wolseley P., Chimonides J., 2005. Epiphytic lichens indicators of environmental health in the vicinity of Chiang Mai city, Thailand. The Lichenologist 37(4): 345-356. DOI: 10.1017/S0024282905014994Sârbu A., Sârbu I., Oprea A., Negrean G., Cristea V., Gheorghe C., Cristurean I., Popescu Ghe., Oroian S., Tănase C., Bartók K., Gafta D., Anastasiu P., Crișan F., Costache I., Goia I., Marușca T., Oțel V., Sămărghițan M., Hențea S., Pascale G., Răduțoiu D., Baz A., Boruz V., Pușcaș M., Hirițiu M., Stan I., Frink J., 2007. Arii speciale pentru protecția și conservarea plantelor în România [Special areas for protection and conservation of plants in Romania]. Victor B Victor, Bucharest, 396 p.Scheidegger C., Werth S., 2009. Conservation strategies for lichens: insights from population biology. Fungal Biology Reviews 23(3): 55-66. DOI:10.1016/j.fbr.2009.10.003.Suija A., Lõhmus P., Jüriado J., 2007. The lichen biota of the Agusalu and Puhatu reserves (Estonia): the first overview. Forestry Studies 47: 99–116.The International Plant Names Index 2012. Web: http://www.ipni.org. Accessed: 05.2016.Thor G., Johansson P., Jönsson T., 2010. Lichen diversity and red-listed species relationships with tree species and diameter in wooded meadows. Biodiversity and Conservation 19: 2307-2328. DOI 10.1007/s10531-010-9843-8.Vicol I., 2015. Effect of the old-growth forest attributes on lichen species abundance: a study performed within Ceahlău Natinal Park (Romania). Cryptogamie, Mycologie 36(4): 399-407. DOI: 10.7872/crym/v36.iss4.2015.399Vicol I., 2015. Synecological structure of the lichen synusiae within forest natural reserves from Moldavian Plateau (Romania) Turkish Journal of Botany 39(1): 189-197. DOI: 10.3906/bot-1312-10.Wallace A.R., 1878. Tropical nature and other essays. MacMillan and Co., London, 356 p. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.1261Werth S., Tømmervik H., Elvebakk A. 2005. Epiphytic macrolichen communities along regional gradients in northern Norway. Journal of Vegetation Science 16:199-208. DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02356.xWirth V., 2010. Ökologische Zeigerwerte von Flecht¬en – erweiterte und aktualisierte Fassung [Ecological indicators values of lichens enlarged and updated species list]. Herzogia 23(2): 229-248. DOI: 10.13158/heia.23.2.2010.229
Published
Issue
Section
License
All the papers published in Annals of Forest Research are available under an open access policy (Gratis Gold Open Access Licence), which guaranty the free (of taxes) and unlimited access, for anyone, to entire content of the all published articles. The users are free to “read, copy, distribute, print, search or refers to the full text of these articles”, as long they mention the source.
The other materials (texts, images, graphical elements presented on the Website) are protected by copyright.
The journal exerts a permanent quality check, based on an established protocol for publishing the manuscripts. The potential article to be published are evaluated (peer-review) by members of the Editorial Board or other collaborators with competences on the paper topics. The publishing of manuscript is free of charge, all the costs being supported by Forest Research and Management Institute.
More details about Open Access:
Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access
