The reform of collective forest rights in China and its implementation in the Fushun City Region
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2014.210Keywords:
Northeast China, collective forests, forest land tenure, forest use rights, Fushun CityAbstract
The paper provides an historical overview of the gradual but erratic evolution of collective forest rights in the People’s Republic of China. Forest tenure rights have been subject to numerous changes since the establishment of People’s Republic in 1949. In the most recent decades, use rights for forests have been transferred from collective to individual household-based with the intent to provide benefits to forest farmers. The implementation of the intended reforms has varied considerably from one province to another, with the majority of reform efforts originating in the southern provinces. This article looks at the major effort undertaken in Northeast China. The Fushun collective forest rights reform was analyzed using data obtained through field investigation by the Fushun Forestry Bureau. Initial effects of reform in terms of modes of rights assignment and farmer motivations to conduct forest management activities, as well as farmers’ income and financing conditions, are discussed. Remaining significant challenges are also briefly considered.References
Broegaard R., 2005. Land tenure insecurity and inequality in Nicaragua. Development and Change 36(5): 845-864. DOI: 10.1111/j.0012-155X.2005.00438.x Coase R., Wang N., 2012. How China became capitalist. Palgrave Macmillan,New York. 256 p. CPC Central Committee and State Council, 2008. Idea about promoting reform of collective forest right system.Beijing. [In Chinese]. Dai L., Zhao W., Shao G., Lewis B., Yu D., Zhou L., Zhou W., 2013. The progress and challenges in sustainable forestry development in China. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 20(5): 394-403. DOI: 10.1080/13504509.2013.775193 Dai L., Wang Y., Su D., Li Z., Yu D., Lewis B.J., Lin Q., 2011. Major forest types and the evolution of sustainable forestry in China. Environmental Management 48: 1066-1078. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-011-9706-4 Dai L, Zhao F., Shao G., Zhou L., Tang L., 2009. China's classification-based forest management: Procedures, problems, and prospects. Environmental Management 43:1162–117. DOI: 10.1007/ s00267-008-9229-9 Demsetz H., 1967. Toward a theory of property rights. American Economic Review 57(2): 347-359. Editorial Committee of theChineseAcademyof Sciences. 2001. Atlas of China vegetation. Science Publishing House, Beijing [In Chinese]. FAO, United Nations, 2009. Have decollectivization and privatization contributed to sustainable forestry management and poverty alleviation in China? Forestry Policy and Institutions Working Paper No. 23,Rome. Forestry Department of Liaoning Province. 2010. Liaoning forest resources. Shenyang, PRC. [In Chinese]. Fushun Forestry Bureau [FFB]. 2010-2011.Liaoning Province, Fushun City, PRC. General Office of the Liaoning Province People's Government, 2005. Idea about deepening the reform of collective forest property rights. Liaoning Provincial Office, Huanggu District, Shenyang City, China. [In Chinese]. Harrison S.R., Herbohn J.L., Herbohn K.F., 2000. Sustainable small-scale forestry: Social and economic analysis and policy. Edward Elgar,Cheltenham, 247 p. Jiabao W., 2009. Pay great attention to forestry reform and development.China Forestry Economy. 2009 (5): 6-7. Jing H., Shen M., Liu D., 2009. Discussion on the problem of farmers' land-losing after collective forest property transfer in minority areas of Yunnan Province. China Forestry Economy 5: 12-16. [In Chinese]. Kram M., Bedford C., Durnin M., Luo Y., Rokpelnis K., Roth B., Smith N., Wang Y., Yu G., Yu Q., Zhao X., 2012. Protecting China's biodiversity: A guide to land use, land tenure, and land protection tools. Beijing: The Nature Conservancy, 257 p. Lei Z., Wen C., 2008. Impacts of collective forest tenure reform on farmer households' livelihood - an empirical analysis based on Jiangxi, Fujian, Liaoning and Yunnan Provinces. Scienia Silvae Sinicae 44(7). [In Chinese]. Liu D., 2001. Tenure and management of non-state forests in China since 1950: A historical review. Environmental History 6(2): 239-263. DOI: 10.2307/3985086 Liu W., Zheng X., 2009. Influence of collective forestry property rights system reform on farmers' forestry income. Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 12(5). [In Chinese]. Naughton-Treves L., Day C., 2012. Lessons about land tenure, forest governance and REDD+. USAID.Madison,Wisconsin: UW-Madison Land Tenure Center. Oi J., Walder C., 1999. Property rights and economic reform in China. Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press. Olsson P., Folke C., Berkes F., 2004. Co-management for building social-ecological resilience. Environmental Management 34: 75-90. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-003-0101-7 Schlager E., Ostrum E., 1992. Property rights regimes and natural resources: A conceptual analysis. Land Economics 68: 249-262. DOI: 10.2307/3146375 SFA (State Forestry Administration). 2010. Condition of forest certification in the world. Web: http://www/forestry.gov.cn/portal/main/s/241/content-443812.html. Accessed: 04.2014. [In Chinese]. SFA (State Forestry Administration), 2009. The 7th National Forest Inventory. Beijing, SFA. [In Chinese]. Shang F., Lu Z.,YaoR., 2009. The effective analysis of reforms of collective forest ownership systems in Benxi City. Liaoning Forestry Science and Technology (5). [In Chinese]. Social Sciences Institute of Fushun City, Records Office of Fushun Government. 2011. "FushunYearbook ", Liaoning Ethnic Publishing House. [In Chinese] Walder A., Oi J., 1999. Property rights in the Chinese economy: Contours of the process of change. In: Oi J., Walder A., (eds.), Property rights and economic reform in China. Stanford University Press, pp. 1-24. Wang G.Y., Innes J.L., Lei J.F., Dai S.Y., Wu S.W., 2007. China's forestry reforms. Science 318: 1556-1557. DOI: 10.1126/science.1147247 World Bank, 2013. The state of the poor: Where are the poor and where are they poorest? Washington, D.C. Xu J., Siikamäki J., 2012. Forest Tenure Reform in China. Resources (Magazine) 180, Resources for the Future,Washington, D.C. Xu J., White A., Lele U., 2010. China's forest tenure reforms. Rights & Resources Initiative,Washington, D.C., 20 p. Yang J., 2012.Tombstone. Farrar,Straus&Giroux,New York. 629 p.
Published
Issue
Section
License
All the papers published in Annals of Forest Research are available under an open access policy (Gratis Gold Open Access Licence), which guaranty the free (of taxes) and unlimited access, for anyone, to entire content of the all published articles. The users are free to “read, copy, distribute, print, search or refers to the full text of these articles”, as long they mention the source.
The other materials (texts, images, graphical elements presented on the Website) are protected by copyright.
The journal exerts a permanent quality check, based on an established protocol for publishing the manuscripts. The potential article to be published are evaluated (peer-review) by members of the Editorial Board or other collaborators with competences on the paper topics. The publishing of manuscript is free of charge, all the costs being supported by Forest Research and Management Institute.
More details about Open Access:
Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access
