Analyses of molecular markers and leaf morphology of two rare birches, Betula obscura and B. pendula var. carelica

Authors

  • Katarzyna Anna Jadwiszczak University of Bialystok
  • Lidia V. Vetchinnikova Russian Academy of Sciences
  • Agnieszka Bona University of Białystok
  • Łukasz Tyburski Kampinos National Park
  • Tatiana J. Kuznetsova Russian Academy of Sciences
  • Valery A. Isidorov Białystok University of Technology

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2020.1973

Keywords:

ADH gene, AFLP, hybridization, ITS, morphological variation

Abstract

Trees and shrubs belonging to the Betula L. genus seem to represent one of the most confused interspecific relationships, and hybridization is considered to be one of the main factors responsible for the substantial genetic and morphological variation of birches. In the present investigation, the internal transcribed spacer ITS1 and ITS2 regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA, nuclear alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene sequences and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) as well as the Atkinson discriminant function (ADF) of leaf morphology were used to verify hypotheses concerning the origin of the dark barked Betula obscura and B. pendula var. carelica with the patterned wood. Both plants were considered by different authors to be distinct species, intraspecific forms of common B. pendula or B. pubescens, or hybrid taxa between B. pendula and B. pubescens. In the phylogenetic trees, the ITS and ADH gene sequences of both B. obscura and B. pendula var. carelica clustered with those of B. pendula, whereas B. pubescens trees were somewhat distinct. In turn, the AFLPs revealed genetic similarity of B. pendula var. carelica to both frequent species, whereas B. obscura was clearly distinct from other birches. Values of the ADF indices of the rare birches were typical for B. pendula. In the light of the results obtained, we imply that B. obscura and B. pendula var. carelica represent an intraspecific variation of B. pendula, they are neither intraspecific taxa of B. pubescens nor hybrid species between the common birches. Different grouping of B. obscura in the AFLPs and DNA sequences analyses is likely a result of an unreliable phylogenetic signal of the former molecular markers.

Author Biographies

Katarzyna Anna Jadwiszczak, University of Bialystok

Faculty of Biology,assistant professor

Lidia V. Vetchinnikova, Russian Academy of Sciences

Forest Research Institute, Karelian Scientific Center

Agnieszka Bona, University of Białystok

Faculty of Biology, Ciołkowskiego

Tatiana J. Kuznetsova, Russian Academy of Sciences

Forest Research Institute, Karelian Scientific Center

Valery A. Isidorov, Białystok University of Technology

Institute of Forestry

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2020-12-31

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